At its worst, the world wide web offers
an almost endless (and rapidly expanding) sea of low quality, biased, inaccurate,
and/or actively-trashy sites. At its best it offers almost unlimited,
always-available world-wide access to excellent multimedia and traditional
text materials. Often these materials are at the encyclopedia or pamphlet
level; sometimes they go far beyond that level to present much more advanced
information. Some strive to be impartial; others are unashamedly partisan.
Some are deeply focused on very specific topics; others aim at offering
broad but limited coverage of a more encyclopedic sort. Any of these approaches
can be very well or very badly done.
So how do you tell the difference? Fortunately
or unfortunately, the Web has no gatekeeper, or filter, to decide which
materials deserve to be included, and which aren't worth the webspace.
Unlike libraries or other filtered institutions, the web is truly a situation
of "user beware." Thus the appearance of increasing numbers of assignments,
like the one you have, asking students to practice evaluating the academic
worth of one or more chosen websites. The following criteria will help
you evaluate your chosen website or websites for its/their value to the
academic study of whatever specific area of knowledge addressed in the
site(s).
Authorship/Authority:
Who created the site and its content?
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Is it clear what (if any) organizations are
sponsoring the site? One quick indicator usually comes with the website's
URL. Websites produced under sponsorship of universities or government
departments (a good bet for our topic) usually have URLs ending with "edu"
or "gov." Non-profit and commercial organizations usually end their website
URLs with "org" and "com." Be clear that non-profit doesn't always mean
excellent - these offerings run the gamut from excellent to biased to truly
terrible and/or useless. Also keep in mind that some excellent scholars
have chosen to offer very useful websites through commercial web providers,
and so these site URLs will end in "com." But a great many of the
very best sites are non-profit, so it is a good idea in any search
to start by looking to see if such a site does exist.
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Is there a link to a page describing
the identity and/or goals of the site's authors and/or sponsors? If there
are any biases are they clearly stated? (Ex: the National Organization
for Women clearly states their feminist philosophy and advocacy.)
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Does the site offer any way of making connection
with the author(s) or sponsors (so that you might query or verify their
legitimacy)? Note that a print address might be more convincing than an
anonymous email address (ex: guru@wiznet.com).
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Is any advertising included on the site, and
if so, is it clearly differentiated from the main site content? Is it likely
in anyway to limit or bias this content (an addictive substance on a health
advice site)?
Currency:
If necessary, is the site kept up to date?
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Not all sites need equal vigilance to keep
them acceptably up to date. Once created, a site containing only some ancient
documents might not need any updates that would be visible to the ordinary
visitor. But as of 2003 a site on US political women shouldn't have as
its last statistics the results of the 1996 elections, or a site on Recent
Developments in the Middle East be unaware of the current breakdown of
the Palestinian peace process.
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When was the website or subpage last revised
(now increasingly stated at the bottom of the lead page)?
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How up to date are its links (and are recently
developed sites included)? How reliable are the links (do they annoy by
simply failing to connect, or leading to "we have moved" messages)?
Subject
matter: What
purpose is the website supposed to serve, how and how well does it fulfill
it?
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What is its purpose and is it clearly stated
and fulfilled?
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What audience is it intended to serve?
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How complete and accurate are its contents
and links?
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How valuable and/or useful (in absolute terms)
are its contents to the study of women's history? Is it unique, or one
of many websites?
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How valuable are the site's resources and/or
links in relation to the range and availability of other (non-web) resources
on its subject?
Connectivity
and Workability: Is the site easy to use?
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Is the site easy to access, or does it take
forever to load, with working elements appearing until the whole thing
has appeared?
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Does it require special passwords or software
to use many of its elements?
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Does it work with all levels of interface,
or only with the most sophisticated ones, which themselves can only be
used with very high powered new computers
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Does it require lots of additional software
(ex: Shockwave, Real Audio, etc)? If so, does it include easy-to-use links
from which this software can be downloaded?
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Is the site structure and contents clear
as soon as accessed?
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Does its design make it easy to read
and view? This would include a non-intrusive background color or design,
readable fonts, and viewable images. If there are icons, is their identity
and what they are supposed to do immediately clear?
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Is the site easy to navigate? Are there well-placed
navigating tools ("back," "forward," "return to top" buttons, etc)?
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If it is a complex site, does it have a usable
search engine? If so, does it work?
In
Conclusion: In which of what many possible ways can historians
use it?
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Is it a source of primary documents (texts,
pictures, data)?
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Does it connect you to useful college-level
or above secondary essays?
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Does it provide teaching tips, lessons, background
material etc? For what level classes?
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Is it a good introduction to a topic, and/or
point you to useful traditional print or other resources?
What limits or problems does it include?
In the spirit of this
site: site & criteria created for course assignment use by Sara W.
Tucker, Professor of History, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas 66621.
Content is freely available for academic use and amendment; when appropriate
please acknowledge its contribution to your final product. Send all
comment & queries to her via email at sara.tucker@washburn.edu