ED 402
Teaching Struggling Learners

WHAT DEFINES A REFEREED JOURNAL?

Refereed journals are also referred to as peer-reviewed journals. The articles in a refereed journal are reviewed and evaluated by experts in the field prior to publication. This process assures the reader that the content is reliable and timely. The reviewers, or editorial board, are usually listed in the front of the journal with their organizational affiliation. Here you can find a research guide that will help you identify refereed journals. In some electronic databases, such as Expanded Academic ASAP, you may limit your search to articles in peer-reviewed journals only. Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, located at the Mabee Library Reference Desk, has a volume which lists refereed journals by title.

WHY IS RESEARCH IMPORTANT?

Research tests our assumptions, opinions, and observations that teachers make about how students learn. Research provides the theoretical foundation upon which teachers can base teaching strategies and practical classroom applications. Research creates new knowledge that teachers can use to help all students learn.

HOW CAN ONE DETERMINE IF AN ARTICLE IS RESEARCH?

Basic research is conducted to create new knowledge, but is not specifically related to resolving a problem. Applied research in education is conducted to find solutions and/or make recommendations about how to solve problems that teachers face. There are many types of research that use different methods for collecting data, such as observations, interviews, questionnaires, or experiments. The language of research articles is formal and sophisticated enough that the reader will usually have to read it more than once to fully understand the contents. Research articles will usually be divided into sections with some form of these headings:
  • title
  • abstract
  • literature review
  • hypothesis/problem statement
  • methodology/research design
  • major findings/analysis, including tables and charts of statistical data
  • conclusion
  • works cited
  • notes
  • appendices

HOW DOES ONE SEARCH FOR APPROPRIATE RESEARCH ARTICLES AND REFEREED JOURNALS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION?

Use the electronic databases available through the Mabee Library and Curriculum Resources Center Web sites. Databases are repositories of information about books, magazines, journals, newspapers, conference proceedings, media, etc. on a wide range of topics. Some databases link only to a citation or abstract of the article; some databases link to the ful ltext of the article that you may download or print from the Internet. To locate an article, the most important information needed from the citation or abstract is found in the Source field. This information gives the name of the journal, volume, year and page number(s).

If you find only a citation or abstract, you will need to determine

1. if the full text is available through any of the electronic databases. You may use the search tool on the Fulltext Electronic Journal Holdings page to find the source of the article and see if full text access is available elsewhere.
2. if full text access is not available, search the Library Catalog to see where the print journal is available.

LOCATING ARTICLES

Listed below are a few of the general and subject oriented indexes useful in education research. Washburn students, faculty and staff may access these electronic search services from off-campus by using your Washburn ID number. The search strategy you enter will vary depending upon the database you use. In addition to using the keyword "struggling," you may also want to try these terms:

  • learning disabilities
  • learning problems
  • reading difficulties
  • remedial reading
  • writing difficulties
  • mathematics achievement
  • academic failure
  • low achievement
  • inclusive schools
  • inclusion
  • disabilities
  • special needs students
  • special education
  • diversity
  • cultural differences

Education Index. 1983-to-date. Indexes leading publications in the field of education. Covers every age and sector of the educational community from preschool through college. Provides citations for every article of at least one column in length taken from English-language periodicals and yearbooks published in the United States and elsewhere. Includes selected series and supplements and book review citations. You may limit your search to peer-reviewed journals only. Does not offer the full text of articles.

ERIC. 1966-to-date. This is a comprehensive index to journal articles, documents, theses, curriculi, conference papers, standards, guidelines and some books. The official  ERIC Web Page (http://www.eric.ed.gov) leads you to a world of information about ERIC as well as to four different sites from which to search the database in a variety of ways; the full-text of selected ERIC documents is available at some of these sites; you may limit your search to Reports-Research. These sites are available to anyone with Internet connectivity. In addition, the Mabee Library provides access for its students and faculty to a vendor-supplied version of ERIC. Note: a guide to learn how to search ERIC is available here.

Using the electronic database ERIC, you may limit your search to research articles. Use the Advanced Search feature and search the word "research" as a "record type." You may limit your search to full text articles only, but you may not limit your search to refereed journals only.

Expanded Academic ASAP. 1980 - present. Indexes and abstracts more than 1900 academic journals and popular magazines covering virtually every academic discipline and includes full text of more than 900 of these titles. You may limit your search to full text articles and refereed journals, but the only way to limit your search to research articles is to add the keyword "research" to your search string. Here is a research guide to help you use Expanded Academic ASAP.

These are not the only databases which might assist you in your research. The Mabee Library subscribes to over 100 electronic databases in science, music, psychology, medicine, social work, criminal justice, humanities, nursing, history, business and more. Search other electronic databases using the same search strategy you used in ERIC or Education Index to see if they contain relevant articles on your topic. Other useful indexes include:
    Dissertation Abstracts - contains citations and abstracts (since 1980) to every doctoral dissertation completed in the U.S. since 1961. [To locate copies of theses and dissertations written by Washburn students, conduct a general subject search in the library catalog for "Washburn Student Theses and Practicums."]
    Criminal Justice Abstracts - comprehensive coverage of the major journals in criminology and related disciplines, extensive coverage of books, and reports from government and non-governmental agencies.
    Social Work Abstracts - contains more than 35,000 records, spanning 1977 to the present, from social work and related journals.
    Periodical Abstracts - general subject matter, limited coverage, full-text
    PsycINFO - from 1967 this indexes journals and books dealing with psychology and related disciplines - a separate database lists historical materials published between 1887 and 1966

Search aids:
    Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors (shelved near the public netstations). Click here for the searchable online thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors.
    Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms (shelved near the public netstations)
    Tips for searching ERIC and EducationIndex

A few frequently-used periodicals in EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH (located at Mabee Library) are:
Advances in Educational Research Journal of Research and Development in Education
American Educational Research Journal Journal of Research in Childhood Education
California Journal of Educational Research Journal of Research in Science Teaching
Colorado Journal of Educational Research Journal of Research Services
Educational Communication and Technology Research in the Teaching of English
Educational Research Quarterly Review of Educational Research
Journal of Educational Research Theory into Practice

You may also want to browse:    History of Education |  History of Education Quarterly

Open Access Journals in the Field of Education - links to electronic journals that are scholarly, peer-reviewed, full text and accessible without cost. Note: Here you will find journal articles that are not included in the libraries' electronic databases.

LOCATING ITEMS

If the Library does not own or have access to a particular book or journal, you may request a copy of the article or the book through Interlibrary Loan; this free service normally takes 1-2 weeks. Ask a reference librarian about Document Delivery if you need a journal article more rapidly. If possible, the fulltext of the article will be sent to your Washburn e-mail address.

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