A Guide for Library Research in History

This guide provides information on the many different library materials available to you, some basic tips on how to do research, and contact information if you need assistance from a librarian. Some of this information is specific to the Mabee Library, Washburn University, but many of the ideas and search strategies presented here apply to most academic libraries.


Help

The reference staff is ready to assist in the use of the Library's resources and services, in early and continuing consultation on research projects, in the use of electronic databases, and with computer searching. The Reference Desk is staffed most of the hours the Library is open; select here to see when the Library is open.

Mabee Library Reference Desk (785)670-1483 or toll free 800-736-9060
e-mail reference send e-mail message to refemail@washburn.edu
IM reference http://www.washburn.edu/mabee/im/imreference.html
Judy Druse
Acting Assistant Director for Public Services 
(785)670-2507
judy.druse@washburn.edu

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Primary and Secondary Sources

Primary sources are first-hand accounts created by participants in or witnesses to a particular event in history; they are contemporary to the event. Articles in newspapers, magazines, or journals written at the same time as the events may be used as primary sources, as can the advertisements in those publications. Other examples of primary sources include diaries, letters, speeches, memoirs, autobiographies, interviews, tapes and transcripts of Oral History sessions, reports of congressional hearings, treaties, state or county records, court testimony and depositions, church records, archaeological artifacts, census records, raw data, photographs, maps, and certain government publications. Many government publications are housed at the School of Law Library on campus.

The Mabee Library Archives and Special Collections contain many primary sources from Washburn University.

  • The Washburn University Archives include records of Lincoln College, Washburn College and Washburn University. These records include Washburn Presidents' files from 1869 to the present, Board of Regents minutes, financial reports, student publications, Washburn publications, faculty and staff publications (articles, papers, etc.), a large number of clippings, and many photographs. Access to these records is provided by finding aids and an Archives Index. These materials are available for use by appointment only. Contact Martha Imparato, martha.imparato@washburn.edu or 670-1981, the Special Collections librarian for assistance.
  • The Rare Book Collection and Washburn Collection include rare books, special editions, books by alumni, faculty and staff, catalogs, yearbooks, student theses, and books about Washburn and Topeka history. These Special Collections may be searched using the library catalog. These materials are available for use by appointment only. Contact Martha Imparato, martha.imparato@washburn.edu or 670-1981, the Special Collections librarian for assistance.

An off-campus repository of primary sources is the Kansas State Historical Society. Some of the holdings of the KSHS may also be searched using the library catalog. Conduct your search, limit/sort the results by where the item is located, and choose Historical Society as the location. To retrieve KSHS resources, you will need to visit the Historical Society, which is located next to the Kansas History Museum or submit an interlibrary loan request.

The Topeka Room at the Topeka and Shawnee County Public Library contains many primary sources about the history of Topeka.

Examples of Primary Sources on the Internet

To find primary sources in the Mabee Library, try keyword searches of the library catalog on your subject and include phrases such as:

  • personal narratives (example: civil war personal narratives)
  • letters of (example: emily dickinson letters of)
  • sources or historical sources
  • documents or historical documents
  • diary(ies)
  • notebooks
  • correspondence
  • messages
  • oral history(ies)
  • manuscript(s)
  • addresses
  • memoirs

The Library also owns collections of primary sources, including

  • Documents of American History (WU Mabee Reference E173 .C66 1968),
  • Speeches of the American Presidents (WU Mabee Reference J81.4 .S64 2001), and
  • Women's Lives in Medieval Europe: A Sourcebook (WU Mabee Stacks HQ1143 .W65 1993).

For the full-text of contemporary speeches, check out Vital Speeches of the Day (WU Mabee Periodicals Lower level) - Covers 1940 to 2006.

Secondary sources are documents based upon or derived from primary sources. Examples of secondary sources include magazine articles, journal articles, encyclopedia articles, reviews, theses, dissertations, books which interpret or analyze primary sources, and books which summarize previous research. There are many excellent Web sites for historians that provide access to secondary sources. However, some Web sites contain misleading or biased information, shoddy research, and downright hoaxes. It is essential for researchers to use quality Web sites and evaluate the contents to make sure the information is scholarly, accurate, and unbiased. Here is a guide for evaluating Web sites.

Here are some additional Web sites that provide access to scholarly content:

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Finding Articles

Journal Articles

Journals are a great source of information on current topics and lists of references at the end of articles can provide leads to additional sources. Articles from scholarly journals often provide the most current and detailed information on a subject. Scholarly journals are also referred to as peer-reviewed journals or refereed journals. The articles in a refereed journal are reviewed and evaluated by experts in the field prior to publication. This process assures the reader that the content is reliable and timely. The reviewers, or editorial board, are usually listed in the front of the journal with their organizational affiliation. Here you can find a research guide that will help you identify refereed journals. In some electronic databases, such as Expanded Academic ASAP, you may limit your search to articles in peer-reviewed journals.

Journal articles on specific subjects can be found through specialized indexes. Some indexes include abstracts, or summaries, of articles. Some indexes are print. Some indexes are electronic; these are often referred to as electronic databases. Caution: Mabee Library does not subscribe to all the journals found in these indexes. Conduct a "periodical title" search of the library catalog to find out if we subscribe to a journal. Sometimes the Library subscribes to both the print and electronic versions of a journal (see the example).

  • Print journals are located on the 1st floor (lower level) of the library; they are arranged in alphabetical order by journal title (disregarding a, an, and the at the beginning of the title). Call 670-1483 if you need assistance on the 1st floor. To see a list of history periodicals in the Library conduct a "subject" search of the library catalog for the terms 'history periodicals.'
  • Back issues of print journals may also be located on microfiche cards or microfilm reels. These are housed in cabinets on the 1st floor (lower level) at the north end. Call 670-1483 if you need assistance with microfiche or microfilm.
  • Electronic journals may be accessed by following the link provided in the library catalog. Note: Remote users will be required to enter their name and Washburn ID number. Call 670-1483 if you have problems with remote access to electronic journals.

Listed below are a few of the general and subject oriented indexes and databases useful in history research. Washburn students, faculty and staff may access electronic search services from off-campus by using your Washburn ID number. Call 670-1483 if you have problems with remote access to the electronic indexes/databases.

  • Abstracts in Anthropology - Find articles from hundreds of journals in the fields of anthropology, cultural and physical anthropology, and linguistics.
  • Academic Universe Lexis-Nexis - Contains over 5,600 journal titles. Includes full-text articles.
  • America: History and Life - Find scholarly articles about the history of the United States and Canada from prehistory to the present. Indexes over 2,000 history journals published in some 38 languages. Abstracts are in English.
  • C.R.I.S. : The Combined Retrospective Index Set to Journals in History, 1838-1974 (WU Mabee Reference D1.A1 C18) - v.1-4. World history (subject index).--v.5-9. United States history (subject index).--v.10-11. Author index
  • Dissertation Abstracts Online - Dissertation Abstracts Online contains citations and abstracts since 1861 to theses and doctoral dissertations completed in the U.S. and Europe. [To locate copies of theses written by Washburn students, conduct a general subject search in the library catalog for "Washburn Student Theses and Practicums."]
  • Humanities Index - Find articles about archaeology, food, philosophy, art, journalism, religion, classics, linguistics, space, film, music, world history, folklore, performing arts, and world literature. Indexes articles from 1984 to the present.
  • InfoTrac One File - Thomson Gale's InfoTrac OneFile is a comprehensive periodical resource that puts more than 39 million database records at researchers' fingertips. More than 9,200 titles and backfile coverage from 1980 from mainstream to specialized sources and an intuitive search interface make this an unequaled source for virtually every popular, business and professional topic.
  • JSTOR - JSTOR is a full-text archive of scholarly journals. Coverage is usually from the first issue up until 3-5 years ago.
  • Kansas Library Catalog - The KLC is a catalog of books, journals, and other materials in Kansas libraries.
  • PAIS Archives and PAIS International - PAIS is a database chronicling global public policy and social issues. PAIS Archives covers 1915 to 1976. PAIS International covers 1972 to the present.
  • PsycINFO - PsycINFO contains citations and summaries of journal articles, book chapters, books, and technical reports, as well as citations to dissertations, all in the field of psychology and psychological aspects of related disciplines, such as medicine, psychiatry, nursing, sociology, education, pharmacology, physiology, linguistics, anthropology, business, and law. Covers 1872 to the present.
  • Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature (WU Mabee Reference AI3 .R48) - Find articles in popular magazines, such as Time, Newsweek, and The Reader's Digest, from 1900 to 2002.
  • Recently Published Articles (WU Mabee Periodicals Lower level) - Find citations to historical articles grouped by geography or historical time periods. Find articles from 1976 to 1990.
  • WorldCat - WorldCat is a catalog of books, journals, videotapes, Web resources, and other materials in libraries worldwide. It includes 52 million records and manuscripts written as early as the 12th century.
  • History Databases by Title - http://www.washburn.edu/mabee/researchTools/elec_dbs.html#history
  • Social Science Databases by Title - http://www.washburn.edu/mabee/researchTools/elec_dbs.html#social

Newspaper Articles

The Library also provides access to newspaper indexes, back issues of newspapers on microfiche, and back issues of newspapers on microfilm. These may be viewed and printed (free of charge) using machines located on the 1st floor (lower level) of the Library. Call 670-1483 if you have problems with remote access to the electronic newspaper archives.

  • Custom Newspapers - Custom Newspapers is a full text database of over 160 U.S. newspapers and English language foreign papers.
  • The National Newspaper Index - The National Newspaper Index provides quick access to the indexing of America's top five newspapers in one seamless search: The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Christian Science Monitor, Los Angeles Times and The Washington Post. Covers 1977 to the present.
  • The New York Times Index (WU Mabee Reference AI21 .N44) - Covers 1913 to February 2005.
  • Newspaper Abstracts - Newspaper Abstracts indexes significant items from over 50 U.S. national and regional newspapers. Covers 1989 to the present.
  • The Topeka Capital-Journal (WU Mabee Microfilm Lower level) - Covers 1980 to November 2005. The most recent issues may be requested from the Circulation Desk.
  • The Topeka Capital-Journal - Follow the link for electronic access to the Topeka Capital-Journal.
  • The Topeka Daily Capital (WU Mabee Microfilm Lower level) - Covers 1970 to 1980.

The Topeka and Shawnee County Public Library maintains an index to Topeka papers. Mabee Library does not have an index to Topeka papers.

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Finding Books

Encyclopedias and Dictionaries

A good starting point for your research is in general and special encyclopedias, dictionaries or handbooks. These sources provide an overview of a topic, identify key people and concepts, define unfamiliar terms, and often include a list of books and articles on a given topic. They are also good for narrowing down a topic. You may want to browse the Mabee Library Reference Collection to find titles about historical research and historical time periods or ask a reference librarian for assistance. You may want to browse these call numbers:

  • D - general world history
  • DA-DX - history of individual countries
  • E - history of the United States
  • F - history of individual states and regions in the Americas

The Library Catalog

Books are generally not as current as journal articles, but they provide a more comprehensive coverage of a subject. Search the library catalog to find books on a specific subject. You may search by book title, subject, keyword(s), or a combination of author and title. Subject searching is most effective when you already know the Library of Congress Subject Heading to use. Computer terminals are located on all three floors of the library. Call 670-1483 if you need assistance on the 3rd floor.

Books with a

  • LOCATION of WU Mabee Stacks are on the 3rd floor. Books are arranged by call number from A to Z.
  • LOCATION of WU Mabee Oversize are on the shelves at the north end of the 3rd floor. Books are arranged by call number from A to Z.
  • LOCATION of WU Mabee Reference are on the shelves in the middle of the 2nd floor. Books are arranged by call number from A to Z.
  • LOCATION of WU Mabee Koch are in the Koch Room on the 2nd floor. The Koch Art History Collection is a special collection, which contains more than 12,000 monographs, exhibition catalogs, periodical volumes, auction catalogs and ephemera generally covering the history of visual arts, photography and architecture. Due to the specialized nature of the collection, the items are available for in-library use only. Ask a librarian for assistance.
  • LOCATION of WU Mabee Washburn Room are in the Archives and Special Collections Room on the 1st floor. Due to the specialized nature of the collection, the items are available for in-library use only. These materials are available for use by appointment only. Contact Martha Imparato, martha.imparato@washburn.edu or 670-1981, the archives librarian for assistance.
  • LOCATION of WU Mabee Rare Book are in the Archives and Special Collections Room on the 1st floor. Due to the specialized nature of the collection, the items are available for in-library use only. These materials are available for use by appointment only. Contact Martha Imparato, martha.imparato@washburn.edu or 670-1981, the archives librarian for assistance.

Here is a complete guide on how to find books in the Mabee Library.

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Interlibrary Loan/Document Delivery

If the Mabee Library does not own or have access to a particular book or journal, you may request a copy of the article or the book through Interlibrary Loan; this free service normally takes 2-7 days. Washburn students and faculty may request books and journal articles directly from lending libraries using the WorldCat database. For journal article requests, type the article author, title, volume, issue number, and page numbers into the "Comments" box on the request form.

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Citing Your Sources

Style manuals provide the necessary information for documentation and style in writing research papers and reports. APA, MLA, Turabian, and Chicago style manuals are located at the Mabee Library Reference Desk. Some style guides are available online as well. The History Department uses the Turabian style guide. Select here to find a Turabian style guide from the Mabee Library.

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Guides to Historical Research

The following guides provide additional information and resources on library research in history and writing history papers.

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http://www.washburn.edu/mabee/crc/courses/hn202/

January 2007